Richardson, T., Wiegand, C., Adisa, F., Ravikumar, K., Candiello, J., Kumta, P., & Banerjee, I. (2020). Engineered peptide modified hydrogel platform for propagation of human pluripotent stem cells. ACTA BIOMATERIALIA, 113, 228-239.Elsevier BV. doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2020.06.034.
k kumar inorganic chemistry pdf 179
Choi, D., Jampani, P.H., Jayakody, J.R.P., Greenbaum, S.G., & Kumta, P.N. (2018). Synthesis, surface chemistry and pseudocapacitance mechanisms of VN nanocrystals derived by a simple two-step halide approach. MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL SOLID-STATE MATERIALS, 230, 8-19.Elsevier BV. doi: 10.1016/j.mseb.2017.12.017.
Gattu, B., Epur, R., Shanti, P., Jampani, P., Kuruba, R., Datta, M., Manivannan, A., & Kumta, P. (2017). Pulsed Current Electrodeposition of Silicon Thin Films Anodes for Lithium Ion Battery Applications. Inorganics, 5(2), 27.MDPI AG. doi: 10.3390/inorganics5020027.
Kim, I.S., & Kumta, P.N. (2003). Hydrazide sol-gel synthesis of nanostructured titanium nitride: precursor chemistry and phase evolution. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, 13(8), 2028-2035.Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). doi: 10.1039/b301964k.
Sriram, M.A., & Kumta, P.N. (1998). The thio-sol-gel synthesis of titanium disulfide and niobium disulfide Part 1. - Materials chemistry. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY, 8(11), 2441-2451.Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). doi: 10.1039/a802564i.
It is apparent that overcoming cancer is a battle against complexities and intricacies due to mutations, metastatic nature of cancer cells, lack of early detection techniques, and the inability of scientific community to solve many cancer-related problems. However, the recent developments in nanotechnology can be a key to unlock the secrets of cancer diagnosis and treatment strategies [5,6,7]. Nanotechnology is one of the emerging multidisciplinary areas dealing with physics, biochemistry, material science, chemistry, biology, medicine, informatics, and engineering [6, 7]. The nanomaterials are typically between 0.1 and 100 nm in size, and they exhibit extraordinary capabilities due to higher surfaces-to-volume ratio [7], and they find applications in food science, agriculture, marine science, environmental chemistry, veterinary medicine, medicine detection, and in several other industries [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16].
Enzyme-responsive stimulus is an ideal choice for their application in biomedical field due to several advantages like high sensitivity and selectivity, catalytic efficacy, biorecognition, mild reaction conditions, and easy decomposition [49, 50]. It mainly consists of nanomaterials like inorganic materials, polymers, and phospholipids. Enzymes associated with certain tumors can act on the peptide structure or ester bonds of nanocarrier to release the loaded drug at targeted site [46, 51]. Generally, two types of enzymes are commonly employed in drug delivery via enzyme-responsive nanomaterial i.e. proteases (or peptidases) and phospholipases [52]. As proteases are frequently overexpressed during infection, cancer, and inflammation, they are particularly advantageous for fabricating these drug delivery systems. On the other hand, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) finds way into therapeutic application due to its upregulation in TME. In this context, phospholipase-responsive liposome has been demonstrated for drug release due to liposome degradation by the presence of phospholipase A2 in tumor cells [53].
Nanomaterials are promising and best possible choice for controlled drug delivery systems, diagnostics, and imaging. It improves therapeutic efficacy by enhancing sensitivity, the capacity to absorb light, extending drug half-life, boosting drug solubility, and ensuring long-term drug release. These smart artificially engineered nanomaterials exhibit higher cellular uptake, targeted tumor site delivery with more specificity, as compared with conventional materials. Moreover, smart nanomaterials can also be extensively used to increase the therapeutic drug loading capacity, controlled sustained release of drugs, as well as selective and specific bio-distribution by engineering their composition, synthesis methods, size, morphology, and surface chemistry. Unlike conventional materials, the artificially engineered smart nanomaterials can penetrate across biological barriers, enable pH, thermal and light-based targeting of malignant cells [338]. Synthesis processes may be fine-tuned to regulate the functionality and specificity of nanomaterials by modifying the chemical composition, size, and shape (morphology) according to the applications. Specifically, for cancer treatment strategies, nanomaterials can overcome the limitations of solubility and stability of anticancer drugs. Furthermore, these nanomaterials prevent pharmaceuticals from being degraded by enzymes, enhance drug half-life in in vivo responses, and improve anti-cancer drug bio distribution [339]. Nanomaterials also helps in the sustained release of anti-cancer drug by targeting the cancer sites, delivery of multiple drugs at single platform, and reducing drug resistance. 2ff7e9595c
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